Rare-earth and metals really show "Spin" ?
Top page (correct Bohr model including helium. )
Strange "spin" is NOT a real thing
Singlet and Triplet don't mean "Spin".
On this page, we show sodium D-lines are too big to be explained by spin-orbit interactions.
It is quite natural that we think these unrealistically large effects in D lines are due to some Coulomb interactions with inner electrons.
On this page, we show spin-orbit interactions in all other alkali metals such as potassium (= K ), rubidium (= Rb ), and cesium (= Cs ) are unrealistically too big, which means the concept of spin - orbit coupling is just an illusion.
On this site, hydrogen fine structure (= doublet ) between 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 is about 0.000045 eV (= 0.4 T ).
The fine structure between 4p3/2 and 4p1/2 of potassium is as big as 0.00715 eV (= 63 T ), as shown on this site or this site (p.7, n.67).
Approximately, we can consider the outer 4p ( or 4s ) electron of potassium is moving around Z = +1 central core charge.
( "Core" is the total charge of K nucleus and all electrons contained in n = 1, 2, 3 orbits. )
From the viewpoint of this outer electron, the core charge is moving around in the opposite direction, which causes magnetic field at the point of the electron having "spin".
As a result, spin-orbit interaction is produced, they insist.
But the discrepancy between these H and K spin-orbital interactions are too wide.
This means the effective central charge in potassium is much bigger than Z = 1 (= about Z = 5.97 in K ! ), which is very unreasonable and proves "Spin" doesn't exist.
To continue reading click on the following link:
http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~kcy05t/rare.html
Strange "spin" is NOT a real thing
Singlet and Triplet don't mean "Spin".
Alkali D lines = "Spin" - orbit coupling is wrong.
Potassium (= K ) D lines don't represent spin-orbit interaction. ← Too strong !
(Fig.1) Hydrogen and potassium fine structure (= D line ).On this page, we show sodium D-lines are too big to be explained by spin-orbit interactions.
It is quite natural that we think these unrealistically large effects in D lines are due to some Coulomb interactions with inner electrons.
On this page, we show spin-orbit interactions in all other alkali metals such as potassium (= K ), rubidium (= Rb ), and cesium (= Cs ) are unrealistically too big, which means the concept of spin - orbit coupling is just an illusion.
On this site, hydrogen fine structure (= doublet ) between 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 is about 0.000045 eV (= 0.4 T ).
The fine structure between 4p3/2 and 4p1/2 of potassium is as big as 0.00715 eV (= 63 T ), as shown on this site or this site (p.7, n.67).
D-lines are "too widely " separated to be explained by spin-orbit coupling.
The difference between hydrogen and potassium D-lines is great ( 0.4 T vs. 63 T ).Approximately, we can consider the outer 4p ( or 4s ) electron of potassium is moving around Z = +1 central core charge.
( "Core" is the total charge of K nucleus and all electrons contained in n = 1, 2, 3 orbits. )
[ If potassium D lines are caused by spin-orbit coupling, Z becomes too big ( 1 → 5.97 ) ! ]
(Fig.2) Spin-orbit interaction ? → Central charge Z becomes "too big".From the viewpoint of this outer electron, the core charge is moving around in the opposite direction, which causes magnetic field at the point of the electron having "spin".
As a result, spin-orbit interaction is produced, they insist.
Effective core charge becomes Z = 5.97 (← too big ! ) in K !?
Both in hydrogen and potassium's outer (= 4p ) electron, the effective central (= core ) charges they feel should be about Z = +1e.But the discrepancy between these H and K spin-orbital interactions are too wide.
This means the effective central charge in potassium is much bigger than Z = 1 (= about Z = 5.97 in K ! ), which is very unreasonable and proves "Spin" doesn't exist.
To continue reading click on the following link:
http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~kcy05t/rare.html
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